Digestion and Absorption Test - 4

Brunner's gland : any of the compound racemose glands in the submucous layer of the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus and a potent proteolytic enzyme—called also duodenal gland.

The largest part of a diet is made up of carbohydrates. They provide energy to the body. Carbohydrates include foods that provide sugars, starches and fiber. They are made by plants. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are healthy sources of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates supply energy in the form of glucose, out of which 60 percent is used by the brain. This is why carbohydrates are vital for the health.

Hypocalcaemia occurs due to the shortage of calcium. It can be caused by lack of vitamin D.Most cases have no symptoms. In severe cases, symptoms include muscle cramps, confusion and tingling in the lips and fingers.

Villi are small, finger-like structures in the small intestine. They help to absorb digested food. Each villus has micro-villi which increase the surface area of the intestinal walls. A larger surface area allows nutrients to be taken in more quickly.

Digestion of protein does not start with chewing of food in the mouth. It begins in the stomach.

Milk sugar (lactose) is difficult for many adults to digest due to inability of their bodies to produce enough of a particular chemical to break it down.

These are one of the four types of lingual papillae present on the surface of the tongue.

Proctitis is the inflammation of the lining of the rectum.

Coeliac disease is an auto-immune disorder of the small intestine.

Gastric juice has pH ranging between 1.0-2.5 which is minimum among bile (7.8-8.0), saliva (6.8) and pancreatic juice (7.5-8.0).