Evolution Test - 1

Adaptive radiation represents evolution of new forms in several directions from the common ancestral type. In 1931, Darwin got an opportunity to travel by H M S Beagle for a voyage of world exploration. Beagle sailed to the Galapagos islands; here he found a living laboratory of evolution. The common birds of Galapagos islands, the finches were markedly different from the finches of main land. The closely related species of finches had beaks of different shapes, sizes and adapted for feeding on completely different diet showing adaptive radiation.

The theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis was disproved by Louis Pasteur, a French Chemist and Microbiologist.

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey synthesized amino acid by passing an electric discharge in a mixture of ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen (H₂), water vapours (H₂O) and methane (CH₄).The ratio of CH₄; NH₃ and H₂ in large flask was 2 : 1 : 2.

• Recapitulation theory or Biogenetic law states that the ontogeny (development of the embryo) is the recapitulation of phylogeny (ancestral sequence).
• Stem cells are specialized cells or totipotent cells which have the ability to convert into any type of cells. 
• All plant and animal cells are not totipotent. Certain cells like some cells in the embryo are totipotent in nature.
• Mammals like humans have gill slits as embryos, as do other non-fish species, chickens for example, but although the presence of these slits are not true gills.

Louis Pasteur performed the experiments in which he took sterilised (by boiling) yeast and sugar solutions in a swan-necked flask. He showered that is pre-sterilized flask, life did not come from killed yeast while in another flask open to the air, new living organism arose from the killed yeast.
In the above question, meat was pre-sterilized by heating and thus was not spoiled. Thus , suggested that simplest living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from non-living matte

Big bang theory was proposed by Lemaitre in 1931.

George Cuvier and orbigne were the chief supporter of theory of catastrophism. It states that there had been several creations, each preceded by a catastrophs due to some geological disturbances like volcanic eruptions, upheaveling of earth; unprecended increase in sea level etc.