Tissue Culture Test - 1

Protoplast technology refers to protoplast fusion or somatic hybridization. The two protoplasts are fused by PEG (Polyethylene glycol) and thus somatic hybrid is obtained.

Tissue culture requires sufficient space and an exclusive laboratory. The glassware such as flasks, petri dishes, test tubes, etc., is completely sterilized to eliminate the microbes and other living organisms and the pH is adjusted to 5.0 to 6.0. The organ and cell cultures are maintained under controlled temperature and light. The temperature is controlled between 18 – 25^oC.

Tissue culture requires sufficient space and an exclusive laboratory. The glassware such as flasks, petri dishes, test tubes, etc., is completely sterilized to eliminate the microbes and other living organisms and the pH is adjusted to 5.0 to 6.0. The organ and cell cultures are maintained under controlled temperature and light. The temperature is controlled between 18 – 25^oC.

By culturing explant in culture Moderate, an undifferentiated mass of cells is obtained, which is known as callus.

Tissue culture technique is based on totipotent nature of plant cell and concept of totipotency was given by Haberlandt (1902).

Callus culture is a type of in vitro plant tissue culture. The process is carried out under controlled conditions. The selected cell, tissue or organ is called-explant. The number of cells increases through cell division. However, these cells are unorganized and collectively constitute a callus. They are maintained on agar-agar gel. Growth promoters like auxin and cytokinins are added to the culture. Under these conditions, the cells become meristematic and begin to divide. Callus is obtained within 2 to 3 weeks.

Parasexual hybridization means fusion of somatic protoplast. It is found in fungus.

• An important application of tissue culture is the recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants. The meristem (both apical and axillary) of the infected plant is free of virus and can be removed and grown in vitro to obtain virus-free plants.
• Meristematic tissue or meristems, as they are also called are tissues that have the ability to enlarge, stretch and differentiate into other types of cells as they mature.
• Apical Meristems are located on the tip of the root, stem etc. They help in the growth of the root system as well as the shoot system. 
• As the apical meristem grows and forms leaves, it leaves behind a region of meristematic cells at the node between the stem and the leaf. These axillary buds are usually dormant, inhibited by auxin produced by the apical meristem, which is known as apical dominance.

The acclimatization of plant formed by tissue culture before growing in the field to make it strong to adapt in new environment.