The Living World Test 2

• The first word in binomial nomenclature is the genus to which the organism belongs, and it is called the generic name.
• The second word is the name of the species to which the organism belongs, and it is called the specific epithet.

​Hence, the correct option is 'B' i.e. 'Genus and Species'.

Taxonomy is the classification of living organisms into different taxa based on their characteristics.
The three main objectives of Taxonomy are:

• Identification
• Nomenclature
• Classification

Biological taxonomy was started by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus.

Hence, the correct option is 'B' i.e. 'Taxonomy'.

• Binomial Nomenclature was introduced by Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus.
• In the Binomial Nomenclature, two terms are used to devote a species of living organisms, the first one indicates the genus and the second one the specific epithet.
  Example: Homo sapiens is the scientific name of human.

​Hence, the correct option is B i.e. Linnaeus.

• The formation of bubbles was due to respiration. This is because yeast do anaerobic respiration and after fermentation, carbon dioxide and ethanol are formed.
• Thus, carbon dioxide is released as a product and hence bubbles are produced.

​Hence, the correct option is A i.e. Respiration.

• Cladistics is a method in which the organisms are classified using different criteria. The organisms are compared on the basis of the evolution, history and the relationship between them.
• The genetic relation help in identifying the ancestors. This method helps in the classification of the organism on the basis of comparison with the other organisms.
• The tree which shows the relationship between the organisms is known as the cladogram as shown below.

• In Angiosperm, characters of flowers are used for classification because characters of flowers are conservative.
• Gymnosperms have no flowers and have naked seeds.
• Angiosperms are also called flowering plants. Flowers are the reproductive organs for these plants.
  Example: Roses, tulips, tomatoes etc.

• Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms from both the past and the present.
• It also exhibits the relationships among living things through time. 

Hence, the correct option is "C" i.e. Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationships.

• Ernst Mayr has given the definition of biological species:
  Species of the same kind can interbreed among themselves hence interbreeding individuals are kept reproductively isolated from other populations.
• Mayr was considered the Darwin of the 20^th century.

​Hence, the correct option is 'B' i.e.  Ernst Mayr.

• A taxon is a taxonomic group or taxonomic unit of any ranking. Each category is referred to as a unit of classification.
• Many modern systematics, such as advocates of phylogenetic nomenclature, use cladistic methods that require taxa to be monophyletic. 
• The term taxon is a collection of more than one population of the organisms or organism seen by the taxonomists for forming a unit.
• There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species.
• The term taxon was first used in 1926 by Adolf Meyer for animal groups, but the term taxon was coined by Linnaeus. 

​Hence, the correct option is 'C' i.e. 'a taxonomic group of any ranking'.

• All living organisms respire and excrete.
• Locomotion is movement of an organism from one place to another.
• Plants cannot locomotate.

​Hence, the correct option is 'D' i.e. 'Respiration and Excretion'.

• Ernst Mayr was a German-born American who made decisive and groundbreaking contributions to avian taxonomy, evolution and population genetics.
• Widely credited as the world's greatest evolutionary biologist in history, Mayr was fondly called the “Darwin of the 20th century”.

Hence, the correct option is C i.e. Ernst Mayr.

• Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions.
• It is the maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions. 
• In the human body, these include the control of blood glucose concentration.

Hence, the correct option is 'A' i.e. 'Homeostasis '.

Aristotle is known as the 'Father of Biology' as well as the "Father of Zoology".

Hence, the correct option is 'D' i.e. 'Aristotle'.

• A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring.
• According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from different species to produce fertile offspring.

• Photosynthesis is a biochemical process of the synthesis of glucose using light energy. The process of photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast.
• As only green plants have chloroplast hence photosynthesis can occur only in green parts of the plant.

Hence, the corret option is B i.e. Photosynthesis.