Structural Organisation in Animals Test 2

Merocrine glands — cells secrete their substances by exocytosis (e g mucous and serous glands) Also (e.g., mucous and serous glands). Also called "eccrine".

The term eccrine is specifically used to designate merocrine secretions from merocrine secretions from sweat glands (eccrine sweat glands)

Merocrine glands have primary functions:

Thermoregulation: sweat cools the surface of the skin and reduces body temperature. This cooling is the primary function of sensible perspiration, and the degree of secretory activity is regulated by neural and hormonal mechanisms. When all of the merocrine sweat glands are working at maximum, the rate of perspiration may exceed a gallon per hour, and dangerous fluid and electrolyte losses can occur For this reason athletes in electrolyte losses can occur. For this reason athletes in endurance sports must pause frequently to drink fluids.

Compound tubuloalveolar glands are a combination of the alveolar and tubular glands and have a compound ductwork system, as well as both branching tubular and alveolar gland structures present in the salivary glands and active mammary glands.
Hence, Active mammary glands are Compound tubuloalveolar glands.

Simple branched alveolar glands have a simple duct and branched alveolar sacs. The oil-producing sebaceous glands in your skin, as well as the mucous secreting glands in your stomach that protect your stomach lining from the highly acidic gastric juices, are both examples of simple branched alveolar glands.

Ependyma is the thin epithelium lining in the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These are ciliated simple columnar epithelium cells. These are involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of post-mitotic cells, which functions both as a selective barrier to and a vegetative regulator of the overlying photoreceptor layer, thereby playing a key role in its maintenance.

Bronchioles are the passageways by which air passes through nose or mouth to the alveoli of the lungs. They are branches of the bronchi. Bronchioles are around 1 mm or less in diameter and their walls consist of ciliated or non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium and also columnar epithelium and some smooth muscle.
Thus, the correct answer is the option (D).

Ciliated columnar epithelium have cilia on their free surface and occurs in the inner surface of hollow organs like fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus and most of the respiratory tract.

The sebaceous gland is lined with a cuboidal stratified epithelium, that has continuity with external root sheath of hair follicle. The epithelium of sebaceous gland is modified and along it's base is a row of cuboidal cells.

The parotid gland, a large salivary gland, is one of them. Several epithelial types are found in the duct system of the parotid. The smallest ducts, which are embedded in the secretory tissue (intralobular ducts), are lined by stratified cuboidal or columnar epithelia.

The brush border increases a cell's surface area is a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient. A brush border is a name for the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium cells found in certain locations of the body. 
The convoluted portion of the vertebrate nephron that lies between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle and functions especially in the resorption of sugar, sodium and chloride ions and water from the glomerular filtrate, called also proximal tubule.

The epithelium of retina and thyroid glands is made up of simple cuboidal cells, which are a single layer of small, cube-shaped cells with a centrally located nucleus, and has major functions in secretion and absorption.
So, the correct answer is 'Only cuboidal cells'.

Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body. Many glands are made up of epithelial cells. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation. Epithelial layers contain no blood vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane. They make a definite layer.

Marcello Malpighi, (1628-1694), Italian physician, anatomist, botanist, histologist and biologist developed methods to study living things by using the newly invented microscope to make a number of important discoveries about living tissue and structures, and initiated the science of microscopic anatomy.

Tessellated epithelium is another term used for simple squamous epithelium also called as pavement epithelium due to it's flat appearance. It is mainly present in the alveoli and blood capillaries and performs the function of diffusion.

The zygote divides incessantly to form numerous cells which undergo gastrulation and forms three germ layers. In-growth from an epithelial surface leads to the formation of glands. This invagination starts after formation of germ layers. Endoderm also forms the lining cells of all the glands. The surface ectoderm develops into the epidermis, hair, nails, the lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the mouth and nose. The mesoderm forms adrenal glands.

So, the correct answer is option D

The inner lining of blood vessel is composed of simple squamous epi. it is also known as endothelium. Here ,the epi. is referred as tesselated epi. due to its wavy appearance.

Brush border refers to the microvilli covered surface. The gall bladder is lined by a single layer of columnar epithelium with microvilli. Microvilli provide the extra surface area which increases the absorption of fluid and nutrients from digested food. 

Ciliated columnar epithelial is present in the intestinal linings. The outer surface of the intestine has hair-like structures called cilia. These help to push mucus out and clear it.  

When epithelium cells are arranged in a pattern of multiple layers, they are called stratified ( strata means many layer) squamous epithelium. They are found in skin where they serve the purpose of protection. 

Apocrine glands are the glands which secretes their secretion by packaging them into a vesicles bud off from the plasma membrane. Lactating breast is an example of apocrine gland.
If the secretion of the cells is excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into the epithelial-walled ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into lumen are merocrine cells (E.g., salivary glands, pancreatic glands).
In holocrine secretions, the secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and are then released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell resulting in the secretion of the product into the lumen. (E.g., sebaceous gland).
So, the correct answer is option B.