Morphology of Flowering Plants Test - 16

Henbane is a drug obtained from the Hyoscyamus niger, a weed that has sticky serrated leaves and dullish yellow, funnel-shaped flowers. The fruits contain tiny black seeds. The plant and seeds contain hyoscine, hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine (tropane alkaloids). Henbane is cultivated as a source of alkaloids for the pharmaceutical industry. Drugs based on henbane alkaloids are applied in modern medicine as painkillers and antispasmodics. The plants name means "killer of hens" in old English.

Rat- ki- rani belongs to family solanaceae because it fulfills the characteristics of this family like the plant is herb or shrub, they have alternate leaves, flowers are solitary or in cymes (inflorescence), axillary or terminal (bud position), flowers are pentamerous (5 petals), actinomorphic (radial symmetry), hypogynous (floral parts situated below carpel), hermaphrodite (male and female both in same flower), calyx is persistent, gamosepalous, corolla gamopetalous (fused petals forming tube or funnel), campanulate (bell- shaped flower), stamens are epipetalous (androecium anther is attached with the petals of the flower), gynoecium is bicarpellary (having 2 carpels), syncarpous, ovary is obliquely placed, axile placentation; swollen placentae,  ovules many in each locules and fruit is either capsule or berry.

Inulin consists of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber, which is undigested carbohydrate produced by inulin extraction from local red dahlia tuber . Extraction of inulin was carried out through gelatinization by heating at a temperature of 90 degreeC for 30 minutes at pH 5 and 10, respectively, then precipitated with ethanol to obtain inulin and continued with characterization by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Based on FT-IR spectral analysis, the results showed characteristic absorption bands of inulin structure, OH stretch (3350 cm-1) and carbonyl (1645 cm-1).

Poor man's protein comes from the family Papilionaceae of the flowering plants. Also known as Fabaceae or Leguminosae, these are commonly referred to as the legume or the pea family and are economically very important. This family with its extraordinary diversity of legumes there is a wide variety of edible vegetables provide to make up the protein content in the daily food basket. 

Sleeping movements commonly occur in plants of family Leguminosae. The periodic closing and opening of plant organs, predominantly petals, during the day and night. Sleep movements are among the nyctinastic movements produced by the alteration of day and night. They are caused by change in illumination (photonasty) and change of temperature (thermonasty) such changes cause the flowers and inflorescences of many plants to open and close at certain hours.

Geocarpy is "an extremely rare means of plant reproduction".  In it, plants produce diaspores within the soil. Geocarpy is most frequent in tropical or semi-desert areas. The best-known example is the peanut, Arachis hypogaea.

The indigo/blue dye comes from a leguminous plant of the Indigofera genus. Only two species are used commercially as a dye, Indigofera tinctoria and Indigofera suffructiosa. Indigofera tinctoria, also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. They are soaked in water and fermented in order to convert the glycoside indican naturally present in the plant to the blue dye indigotin. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The flowers of family papilionaceae have a bilateral symmetry with the corolla consists of five petals. A single, large, upper petal is known as the banner. The semi- cylindrical base of the banner embraces and compresses two equal and smaller lateral wings. The wings in turn enclose a pair of small keel petals, that are situated somewhat lower than the wings, but are inferior to them. They have concave sides and correspond with the shape of the wings. The two kneel petals are fused at their bases or stuck together to form a boat- shaped structure that encloses the essential flower organs, namely the androecium and gynoecium. Typically these flowers have a vexillary aestivation which shows 3 element parts 1, 2, 2 respectively.

The flowers that can be divided into two equal halves by one or more plane but not all vertical planes cut them into equal halves are termed as zygomorphic flowers. They have sepal or petal or perianth of different sizes and shapes. Subfamily Papilionaceae is characterized by flowers having butterfly-shaped corollas with single large posterior petal termed as vexillus, two lateral petals and one anterior keel which are arranged in vexillary aestivation. Thus, they can be cut into two equal halves by single plane and are universal zygomorphic. Solanaceae, Mimosoideae, and Malvaceae families have actinomorphic flowers that can be divided into two equal halves by any vertical plane as they have sepal,petal and perianth of same size and shape.

Neem tree is mainly cultivated in the Indian subcontinent. Neem is a member of the mahogany family, Meliaceae. It is known by the botanical name Azadirachta indica (A. Saraca indica) A. Juss.

This is one of the oldest and most important dyes. It is obtained from the heartwood of Haematoxylon campechianum, a small, thorny tree legume of Mexico. The purple-red dye is known as haematoxylin and is used in its natural state or with a mordant.

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpiniaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a monotypic taxon, having only a single species. The tamarind tree produces edible, pod-like fruit which are used extensively in cuisines around the world.
Tamarindus indica does not belongs to the family Papillionaceae and Mimosaceae.
So, the correct answer is 'Caesalpiniaceae'.

Pepo (berries) is a type of fleshy fruit. They are simple fruit created from a single ovary. In pepo, the berry skin is leathery as in Cucurbitaceae family.

Legume is a dehiscent fruit that develops like a follicle and dehisce along two sutures, it is also termed as pod. A modified legume that dehisces along transverse constrictions is termed as lomentum.
Papilionadae has legume fruit with very hard seed coat.
Caesalpinioideae has legume or pod, rarely lomentum.
Mimosoideae has legume or lomentum (mostly) with very hard seed coat. Leguminosae has legume or pod fruit.

The Mimosoideae are trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They comprise a clade, previously placed at the subfamily or family level in the flowering plant family Fabaceae.

Urginea indica Kunth. is a rare, threatened and endangered medicinal plant that belongs to Liliaceae family and commonly called as sea onion or jangli pyaz in India. Urginea is one of the extremely interesting polytypic genera with about 100 species and is represented in India by nine species.

The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the family Fabaceae. Peanuts can be eaten raw, used in recipes, made into oils, textile materials and peanut butter as well as many other uses. In general, peanut products are considered safe for human use, although there are insufficient studies about peanut aflatoxins and uses for cosmetics. Peanut oil is often used in cooking, because it has a mild flavour and a relatively high smoke point. Due to its high monounsaturated content, it is considered healthier than saturated oils and is resistant to rancidity.
There are several types of peanut oil including aromatic roasted peanut oil, refined peanut oil, extra virgin or cold pressed peanut oil and peanut extract.
In the United States, refined peanut oil is exempt from allergen labelling laws. This oil is obtained from seeds of Arachis hypogea. Oryza sativa is rich in carbohydrates. Cicer arietinum is rich in proteins. Hibiscus esculentus (okra) seeds does not contains fats. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Liliaceae flowers - Hermaphroditic, actinomorphic (radially symmetric) or slightly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetric), pedicellate (on a short secondary stem), generally large and showy but may be inconspicuous (Medeoleae). Bracts may (bracteate) or may not (ebracteate) be present. The perianth is undifferentiated (perigonium) and biseriate (two whorled), formed from six tepals arranged into two separate whorls of three parts (trimerous) each, although Scoliopus has only three petals, free from the other parts, but overlapping.
Liliaceae gynoecium - Superior ovary (hypogynous), syncarpous (with fused carpels), with three connate (fused) carpels and is trilocular (three locules, or chambers) or unilocular (single locule, as in Scoliopus and Medeola). There is a single style and a three lobed stigma or three stigmata more or less elongated along the style. There are numerous anatropous (curved) ovules which display axile placentation (parietal in Scoliopus and Medeola), usually with an integument and thinner megasporangium. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A

Both raw and cooked garlic helps to control high blood pressure. Garlic has blood thinning properties which helps to improve cardiac health. Garlic also helps to force out excess sodium and water from the body, and into the urine. This effect takes pressure off an overworked heart and helps to decrease blood pressure.