Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 2

Genetic information is carried out by DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are called genetic material, made up of long chain of nucleotide having-nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate ions.

Nucleoproteins are the chromosome made up of DNA, some RNA and histone proteins. They act as genetic material in living cells.

In complementary strands of DNA, purines and pyrimidine are held together by Hydrogen bond (H-bond). Adenine and Thymine have double hydrogen bond and cytosine and guanine are held by triple hydrogen bond.

In mature RBCs nucleus is absent and there is no DNA. Mature DNA do not divide to form new cells.

In the process of transcription RNA polymerase is only capable of elongation.
Initiation factor sigma helps in the process of initiation while termination factor Rho is helping in termination of the process.
So the correct option is 'Elongation'.

DNA consists of two strands. During transcription, these strands separate from each other. The strand that forms mRNA is called template strand or sense strand.

Codon is triplet means made up three nucleotides. Each codon codes for one amino acid to form proteins during protein synthesis.

Code AUG code for Methionine. In all organism first amino acid coded is methionine by codon AUG.

Protein synthesis occurs over ribosomes which are also called protein factories of cell. Each ribosomes have two parts 40S and 60S in eukaryotes and 30S and 50S in prokaryotes.

Okazaki contributed about the understanding of DNA replication in all living organism. He proposed the concept of semi-conservative nature of replication of DNA molecules.

Griffith carried out experiment on mice using pneumonia causing bacteria to show that DNA is the genetic material by transforming non-virulent strain into virulent strain which is called bacterial transformation.

Enzymes DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. This enzyme is present floating inside the nucleus.

Regulator genes codes for repressor proteins during translation of DNA into protein via mRNA.

In the process of transcription RNA polymerase is only capable of elongation.

Initiation factor sigma helps in the process of initiation while termination factor Rho is helping in termination of the process.

So the correct option is 'Elongation'.

Signaling between cells for transcription of m-RNA from DNA is controlled by an activation of protein kinases. It is present in cytoplasm of cells.

The main purpose of human genome project launched in 1990 was to identify the sequence of human DNA.

Human genome project was associated with the rapid development of new area of biology called as bioinformatics. This branch of biological science is used to known the sequence of gene on Chromosome of living organisms.

Human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases.

Gel electrophoresis technique is used for separation of DNA fragments according to their size. This is an important tool to study the genome of an individual. 

There are 23 pairs of chromosome in human cells. The chromosome Y is the smallest and contain least number of gene (231) and chromosome 1 contain highest number of gene (2968).

Satellite DNA is useful tool in forensic science as the density of DNA differs in from each other. It is used to identify the individuals form the other.

Molecular medicine improves diagnosis of diseases, gene therapy and understanding several diseases like Alzheimer’s Parkinsons diseases etc.

The DNA required for finger printing can be obtained from WBCs, root hair cells and body secretion as all the cells contain same type of genetic makeup.

During transcription, RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a gene promoter and assumes a saddle–like structure in which DNA-binding sequence is TATA.

The double helix describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together. Each DNA strand within the double helix is a long, linear molecule made of smaller units called nucleotides that form a chain.