Aldehydes And Ketones Test - 28

Formaline contains 40%HCHO,8%CH_3​OH and 52% water. It is used as biological preservation.

Toluene'on oxidation with CrO₂​Cl₂​ gives benzaldehyde. This is Etard’s reaction.

Acetophenone is hypnotic agent and called hypnone is medicinal use

Reduction of aldehydes to alcohol be done with any of the given metallic catalyst

For aldol condensation, α− hydrogen should be there to produce α−hydroxy substituted compounds.

HCHO formaldehyde don't have α-hydrogens. Thus, it does not undergo aldol condensation.

both (a) and (b) are used prepare Aldehyde

The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde.

This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl₂), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH₂]⁺Cl_-) with water (H₂O)

Since, the compound (A) gives a positive iodoform test but negative Tollen's test, so it must be a methyl ketone. From the given molecular formula C₅​H_10​O(A) can be 2-pentanone

It reduces fehling's solution so it must be an aldehyde. Also ethanol reacts with chlorine to first oxidize it to ethanal and then chloral is formed.

The Clemmensen reduction is an organic reaction used to reduce an aldehyde or ketone to an alkane using amalgamated zinc and hydrochloric acid. The mechanism for the Clemmensen reduction is not yet fully understood and there are two popular proposals. The "Carbanionic mechanism", where the zinc attacks the protonated carbonyl directly, and the "Carbenoid mechanism", which is a radical process and the reduction happens on the surface of the zinc metal.

Presence of electron-withdrawing substituent makes the carbonyl carbon more electron deficient and hence increases the reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction