Biology Test 264

PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) are methods for the early diagnosis of diseases.

PCR is Polymerase Chain Reaction which can detect even very low concentration of the pathogens. RFLPs are used as molecular markers.

Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into a more simple organic matter. The chemical composition of detritus, availability of oxygen for processing, warm and moist environment are the factors which affect the rate of decomposition.

Among the given options, option (c) is showing an incorrect combination. It can be corrected as Dachigam National Park — Hangul or Kashmiri Stag

Eutrophication is the excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other water bodies due to runoff from the land. It causes a dense growth of plant life. Option (a) is incorrect about eutrophication.

Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. The tip of an ecological pyramid is occupied by carnivores.

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction. They show high endemism, but they do not cause pollution.

Electrostatic precipitator is the most efficient device to eliminate particulate matter from the industrial emissions. This device removes suspended dust particles from a gas or exhaust by applying a high-voltage electrostatic charge and collecting the particles on charged plates.

An age pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population. All the given options are correct for a triangular age pyramid.

Climax community is an ecological community in which populations of organisms remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment. It is the final stage of succession.