Biology Test 308

Ethanol is a product of alcoholic fermentation, a process that occurs in yeast and some types of bacteria. In the absence of oxygen, cells can revert to fermentation to continue producing ATP from glucose. Alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvic acid into ethanol and carbon dioxide, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP anaerobically. This process is exploited in brewing and baking industries.

More energy require so more number of mitochondria

The primary function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in cellular respiration is to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, which is then used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This process, known as oxidative phosphorylation, is the final stage of aerobic respiration and is responsible for the majority of ATP produced by cells.

Anton von Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microscopy because of his pioneering work in developing the microscope and his discoveries of previously unseen microscopic life forms, including bacteria, protozoa, and spermatozoa. His detailed observations and sketches marked the beginning of the field of microbiology.

Golgi have variable number of cisternae

The cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of life. This concept is fundamental to the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Cells are capable of performing all necessary functions of life.

Cytoskeletal structures occur only in eukaryotic cells. They are externally small, fibrous and tubular structures that maintain cell shape and support the organelles. They also help in intracellular transport.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a well-defined nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is located in a nucleoid region where DNA is not enclosed by a membrane. This is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the latter having a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus.