Biology Test 365

A natural association of interdependent populations of different species inhabiting a common environment of habitat as a viable, self-contained unit is called a biotic community of biocoenosis.

Louis Pasteur in his swan neck flask experiment, found out that life originated from pre-existing life.

He prepared sterilized syrup of sugar and later killed yeast by boiling them in flasks.

The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes. The first autotrophic organisms were the chemo-autotrophs that never released oxygen. Both the statements are correct but reason does not explain the assertion.

A. The Evil Quartet - III. Causes of biodiversity losses:

• The "Evil Quartet" refers to four major causes of biodiversity loss: habitat destruction, overexploitation, invasive species, and co-extinctions.
• These factors collectively threaten the survival of various species and ecosystems globally.

B. Ex situ conservation - I. Cryopreservation:

• Ex situ conservation involves conserving biodiversity outside their natural habitats, such as in seed banks, botanical gardens, or through cryopreservation.
• Cryopreservation is a technique used for freezing and storing genetic material (like seeds or embryos) at very low temperatures for future use.

C. Lantana camara - II. Alien species invasion:

• Lantana camara is an invasive alien species that disrupts native ecosystems by competing with native flora and causing ecological imbalances.
• Alien species invasions are a major contributor to biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.
• The environmental damage caused and threat posed to our native species by invasive weed species like carrot grass (Parthenium), Lantana and water hyacinth (Eicchornia).

D. Dodo - IV. Extinction:

• The Dodo is an example of a species that has gone extinct due to human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction.
• Extinction is the complete loss of a species, often driven by factors like overexploitation, invasive species, and habitat destruction.

Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life. They occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by water.

If an ecosystem is easily dameged, that means it is not very stable. But since, it recovers fast when the damaging effect stops, it certainly has high resilience.

Seed banks are used to store seeds of endangered plant species, ensuring that genetic diversity is preserved for future restoration or reintroduction into the wild.

Option B is correct.

• Tasmanian tiger cat: the name refers to Australian marsupials (for example, the tiger quoll or historically the extinct thylacine); these are marsupials, not placental mammals.

• Mole: a placental mammal (order Eulipotyphla).

• Mouse: a placental mammal (order Rodentia).

• Anteater: a placental mammal (order Pilosa, within xenarthrans).

Marsupials differ from placental mammals in their reproductive strategy (young typically continue development in a pouch). Superficial similarities between some marsupials and placentals are examples of convergent evolution, but that does not make them placentals.

The various serai stages of lithosere (succession on bare rock) are as follows:

Lichens (Pioneer community) → Mosses → Annual grasses→ Perennial grasses → Shrubs → Trees (Climax community).

In his experiment, Stanley Miller synthesised the following:

- Virus: Not synthesised by Stanley Miller in his experiment.

- Protein: Not synthesised by Stanley Miller in his experiment.

- Amino acid: Stanley Miller successfully synthesised amino acids in his experiment. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for life.

- Cell: Stanley Miller did not synthesise cells in his experiment.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Amino acid. Stanley Miller's experiment demonstrated that the conditions present in the early Earth's atmosphere can lead to the formation of amino acids, which is an important step in the origin of life on Earth.