Biology Test 37

As compared to other reserves in the world, Sunderbans National Park has the largest tiger population. It also reserves the salt water crocodiles Gangetic dolphins, chitals, wild boars, rhesus-macaques, etc.

The presence of diversity at the junction of territories of two different habitats is known as edge effect. In other words, the potential for the ecotone to act as habitat for species found in neither major community is called edge effect.

Pyramid of energy is never inverted because in each ecosystem, producers are green plants, which prepare their own food in the process of photosynthesis and thus, trap maximum solar energy. In herbivores, only 10% of energy of plants transfer and rest 90% is itself only 10% of energy from herbivores, i.e. 1% of plants. In this way, energy percentage becomes reduced in next higher trophic levels. This 10% flow of energy from one trophic level to the next is called 10 per cent law of Lindemann.

In pond ecosystem, fishes occupy more than one trophic level.

NPP= GPP-R

decomposition is a process in which decomposers break down complex organic matter into inorganic ones.

Annual NPP of ocean is 55 billion tons.

Ecological niche compiles conditions, resources and relationships of a species with the environment. It includes the trophic position of the species. Option A. is incorrect.

Option (2), (3) and (4) are correct.

the standing crop is measured as the mass of living organism or the number in a unit area. 
It is defined as a certain mass of living material at a particular time at each trophic level. 
Standing state is defined as a certain mass of non living material at a particular time.

Particulate matter comprises solid particles or liquid droplets (aerosols) small enough to remain suspended in air such as smoke, dust, some metals, etc., suspended particulate matter (SPM) have particles with a diameter below 10 ïm. SPM have particles with a diameter below 10 ïm. SPM is generated from the natural sources such as volcanoes or dust storms and human activities such as vehicles, industrial plants, etc. Catalytic converter filters in the vehicles can convert nitrogen oxide (NO2) to nitrogen and reduce potential.

Man has been releasing large quantities of phosphorus into the biosphere in the form of agricultural fertilizers (Superphosphates) and synthetic detergents.

By applying all the given options, pollution of big cities can be controlled.