NEET Test 134

Here Y is prop-2-enoic-acid as shown by below given reaction:

Given:

a₁ = a₂ = a₃ = g (gravitational acceleration)

The three balls are falling under gravity, so the acceleration of all the three balls will be equal to the gravitational acceleration.

We know that the total mass of a system of particles times the acceleration of its centre of mass is equal to the vector sum of all the forces acting on the system of particles.

Where, m₁,m₂,…,m_n= mass of the particles, and a₁,a₂,…,a_n= acceleration of the particles. By equation (1), the acceleration of the centre of mass of the three balls is given as,

Restriction endonuclease enzyme is known as the "molecular scissor" because a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts the DNA only at a particular sequence of nucleotides and producing smaller fragments. 

Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid-protein complexes. There are DNA and RNA helicases which are involved in the unwinding of the nucleic acids. 

In molecular biology, DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. 

The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. 

Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and another green part of plants like stem etc. The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the mesophyll of leaves. Mesophyll cells have many chloroplasts, which contain the specialized light-absorbing green pigments, the chlorophylls. When chlorophyll absorbs light, it gets excited and emits electrons. Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment. It shows bright or blue-green colour in the chromatogram. Chlorophyll a is directly involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis.  Chlorophyll a occurs in all oxygen liberating autotrophs. It is a universal photosynthetic pigment. It is present in the reaction centres of Photosystem I and Photosystem II which absorbs light energy of longer wavelength. These centres can release electron upon absorption of energy.

Photorespiration is a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP instead of getting carboxylated. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis by 25% in C₃ plants. In it, plants use oxygen and release carbon dioxide as by product that making use of it. Photorespiration is generally found to occur in peroxisome.

It more in common in C₃ plants as they have higher CO₂ compensation point due no net evolution of carbon dioxide gas because the rate of photosynthesis (which consumes carbon dioxide) is equal to the rate of respiration (which evolves carbon dioxide).

In a normal photosynthesis process, there is light reaction and dark reaction. In the light reaction, photophosphorylation occurs to generate ATP which will be utilised in making of glucose. The photophosphorylation process occurs in both cyclic and non-cyclic steps with the involved of the photosystem I and II. Dark reaction or light independent reaction process reduces carbondioxide to glucose using the enzyme RuBisCO.

The oesophagus of the cockroach opens up into a sac like structure called the crop.

The crop is followed by the gizzard or proventriculus. Gizzard is thick walled, muscular and conical bulbous structure. It has an outer thick layer of circular muscles and a thick, inner cuticle forming six highly chitinous plates called teeth.

Schwann cells are not component of areolar tissue. The areolar tissues are made up of the matrix, fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, reticular fibres, chromatophores, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Schwann cells (SCs) are the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system which wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath.