Human Physiology Test

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Human Physiology Test - 8

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding blood coagulation in human beings?

A
Clotting is initiated by exposure of tissue factor-bearing cells to plasma clotting factors.

B
Fibrin monomers get cross-linked by factor XIIIa.

C
Platelet activation stimulates production of thromboxane.

D
Primary haemostasis initially involves vasodailation.

E
Platelets are the fragments of megakaryocytes.

Solution

Primary haemostasis initially involves vasoconstriction in response to vascular damage, which limits blood loss and subsequent platelet adhesion to the damaged area and activation due to exposure of subendothelial matrix.
Question 2
1 / -0

The nucleus of which of the following leukocytes are considered as lysosomes?

A
Lymphocytes

B
Neutrophils

C
Eosinophils

D
Monocytes

E
Basophils

Solution

Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus (two lobes connected by a narrow strand of chromatin). Their granules are considered to be lysosomes. Eosinophils actively phagocytise complexes formed by the action of antibodies on antigens (foreign substances).
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding heart sounds is INCORRECT?

A
Heart murmurs are pathological noises that results from abnormal blood flow in the heart or blood vessels.

B
Heart sounds are a result of a beating heart and resultant blood flow.

C
The third sound is a result of vibration of ventricular wall and the leaflets of the opened AV valves after rapid inflow of blood.

D
Turbulent blood flow is a result of stenotic (narrowed) valves or blood vessels.

E
Third heart sound is pathological in children but physiologic in adults.

Solution

Third heart sound is physiologic in children but pathological in adults. The four heart sound is a result of the atrial systole and vibration of the AV valves, due to blood rush during atrial systole. It is inaudible neither in adults nor in children.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following respiratory sounds is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway?

A
Wheeze

B
Stridor

C
Crackles

D
Rhonchi

E
Pleural rub

Solution

Stridor is a high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. Stridor is a physical sign, which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following substances have highest value of RQ?

A
Oxalic acid

B
Tartaric acid

C
Malic acid

D
Oleic acid

E
Tripalmitin

Solution

Oxalic acid is a colourless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to give colourless solutions. Its RQ value is 4.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding the human lungs is INCORRECT?

A
The development of the human lungs arises from the laryngotracheal groove.

B
The upper horizontal fissure, separates the superior from the middle lobe.

C
The inferior lobe is the smallest lobe of the right lung.

D
The right lung has a higher volume, total capacity and weight than that of the left lung.

E
The lower, oblique fissure, separates the inferior from the middle and superior lobes.

Solution

The middle lobe is the smallest lobe of the right lung. It is wedge-shaped and includes the part of the anterior border, and the anterior part of the base of the lung.
Question 7
1 / -0

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are responsible for maintaining the sound production in humans. The movement of which of the following muscles are responsilble to lengthen and tense the vocal folds?

A
Posterior cricoarytenoid

B
Lateral cricoarytenoid

C
Transverse arytenoid

D
Cricothyroid

E
Oblique arytenoid

Solution

Cricothyroid muscles lengthen and tenses the vocal folds.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following cartilages forms Adam's apple in adult human male?

A
Cricoid cartilage

B
Thyroid cartilage

C
Corniculate cartilages

D
Arytenoid cartilages

E
Cuneiform cartilages

Solution

This forms the Adam's apple. It is usually larger in males than in females. The thyrohyoid membrane is a ligament associated with the thyroid cartilage that connects the thyroid cartilage with the hyoid bone.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following structures is responsible for warming or cooling of inhaled air within one degree of body temperature?

A
The laryngopharynx

B
The larynx

C
The oropharynx

D
The nasopharynx

E
The nasal cavity

Solution

The nasopharynx, extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate. It includes the space between the internal nares and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity.
The nasal cavity conditions the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract. Owing to the large surface area provided by the nasal conchae, the air passing through the nasal cavity is warmed or cooled to within 1 degree of body temperature.
Question 10
1 / -0

Hydrolysis of the lipid results in breaking the fatty accid chains. Which of the following glands secretes a purely serous fluid that starts the lipid hydrolysis in mammals?

A
Minor salivary glands

B
Von Ebner glands

C
The sublingual glands

D
The parotid gland

E
The submandibular glands

Solution

Von Ebner glands are glands found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the sulcus terminalis. They secrete a purely serous fluid that begins lipid hydrolysis.
Question 11
1 / -0

In human beings the small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system. Which of the following is absorbed by facilitated diffusion in small intestine?

A
Vitamin B12

B
Iron

C
Sodium bicarbonate

D
Lipids

E
Fructose

Solution

Fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion in the small intesstine.
Question 12
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding the functions of pancreas is INCORRECT?

A
Pancreatic secretions from ductal cells contain bicarbonate ions.

B
The pancreas secretes lysophospholipase, and cholesterol esterase.

C
The pancreas is also the main source of enzymes for polysaccharides.

D
The control of the exocrine function of the pancreas is done through the hormones.

E
Progenitor cells of the pancreas differentiate to form two lines of committed endocrine precursor cells.

Solution

The pancreas is also the main source of enzymes for digesting fats (lipids) and proteins. The enzymes that digest polysaccharides, by contrast are primarily produced by the walls of the intestines.
Question 13
1 / -0

Which of the following processes of digestion takes place only in the small intestine?

A
Segmentation

B
Absorption

C
Secretion

D
Swallowing

E
Peristalsis

Solution

Segmentation occurs only in the small intestine as short segments of intestine contract. Segmentation helps to increase the absorption of nutrients by mixing food and increasing its contact with the walls of the intestine.
Question 14
1 / -0

Digestion is a complex process and takes place in different parts of the alimentary canal. In which part of the alimentary canal some of the water and electrolytes are removed from the food?

A
In the large intestine

B
In the small intestine

C
In the esophagus

D
In the stomach

E
In the mouth

Solution

After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large intestine help in the digestion process.
Question 15
1 / -0

Which of the following digestive ducts is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A
Interlobular ducts

B
Intralobular ducts

C
An excretory intralobular duct

D
A striated duct

E
An intercalated duct

Solution

Intralobular ducts join to form the interlobular duct, which is located outside the lobule, between adjacent lobules. An interlobular duct is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

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Human Physiology Test - 8

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Human Physiology Test - 8

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Clotting is initiated by exposure of tissue factor-bearing cells to plasma clotting factors.

Fibrin monomers get cross-linked by factor XIIIa.

Platelet activation stimulates production of thromboxane.

Primary haemostasis initially involves vasodailation.

Platelets are the fragments of megakaryocytes.

Solution

Question 2

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Monocytes

Basophils

Solution

Question 3

Heart murmurs are pathological noises that results from abnormal blood flow in the heart or blood vessels.

Heart sounds are a result of a beating heart and resultant blood flow.

The third sound is a result of vibration of ventricular wall and the leaflets of the opened AV valves after rapid inflow of blood.

Turbulent blood flow is a result of stenotic (narrowed) valves or blood vessels.

Third heart sound is pathological in children but physiologic in adults.

Solution

Question 4

Wheeze

Stridor

Crackles

Rhonchi

Pleural rub

Solution

Question 5

Oxalic acid

Tartaric acid

Malic acid

Oleic acid

Tripalmitin

Solution

Question 6

The development of the human lungs arises from the laryngotracheal groove.

The upper horizontal fissure, separates the superior from the middle lobe.

The inferior lobe is the smallest lobe of the right lung.

The right lung has a higher volume, total capacity and weight than that of the left lung.

The lower, oblique fissure, separates the inferior from the middle and superior lobes.

Solution

Question 7

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Transverse arytenoid

Cricothyroid

Oblique arytenoid

Solution

Question 8

Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Corniculate cartilages

Arytenoid cartilages

Cuneiform cartilages

Solution

Question 9

The laryngopharynx

The larynx

The oropharynx

The nasopharynx

The nasal cavity

Solution

Question 10

Minor salivary glands

Von Ebner glands

The sublingual glands

The parotid gland

The submandibular glands

Solution

Question 11

Vitamin B12