Question 1 1 / -0
Mrs. Amrita is a heart patient. Which of the following is not a suitable contraceptive for her?
Solution
Oral contraceptives contain synthetic hormones. They contain both estrogen and progestin and mainly work by preventing ovulation and by making the lining of the uterus thinner. Hormonal contraceptives are best avoided in case of heart patients.
Question 2 1 / -0
A spontaneous miscarriage is an abortion
Solution
Spontaneous miscarriage is the spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the fetus is incapable of surviving independently. It can happen before the 20th week of pregnancy.
Question 3 1 / -0
In which stage of pregnancy do the organs of the fetus predicate their specialised functions?
Solution
This period of development starts during the ninth week and lasts until birth. The early body systems and structures formed in the embryonic stage continue to develop. In this stage the neural tube develops into the brain and spinal cord. In this stage all the organs of the fetus predicate their specialised functions.
Question 4 1 / -0
Which of the following characterises development, starting with the head and brain areas and moving downwards?
Solution
Cephalocaudal development in an infant characterises development as starting with the head and brain areas and moving downwards. He gains control of his head movement, then neck, shoulders, back, hips, legs and feet.
Question 5 1 / -0
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of all the mammals. It possesses an inner cell mass which subsequently gives rise to _________.
Solution
An embryo is a multicellular diploid structure in its earliest stage of development, from the time of the first cell division until birth. The internal cluster of cells forming the blastocyst later forms an embryo.
Question 6 1 / -0
In a female, during the pregnancy, the blastocyst digests its way through the rich lining of the uterine cavity called ____________ and slowly burrows into the wall of the uterus.
Solution
It is the lining of the inside of the uterus. During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in preparation to accept an embryo should conception occur. In a female, during the pregnancy, the blastocyst digests its way through the endometrium.
Question 7 1 / -0
Which of the following plays a crucial role in determining the sex of the offspring in mammals?
Solution
A spermatozoon is a motile sperm cell or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete. A spermatozoon joins an ovum to form a zygote. In mammals, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm cell: a spermatozoon bearing a Y chromosome will lead to a male (XY) offspring, while one bearing an X chromosome will lead to a female (XX) offspring.
Question 8 1 / -0
The testes are two oval-shaped male reproductive glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. The serous covering of the testes is known as
Solution
The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testes.
Question 9 1 / -0
In which of the following parts of the reproductive tract of females the nerve endings for sensing sexual pleasure are located?
Solution
On the superior end of the labia minora is a small mass of erectile tissue known as the clitoris that contains many nerve endings for sensing sexual pleasure.
Question 10 1 / -0
Which of the following male accessory glands are responsible for enhancing the movement of spermatozoa in all the mammals?
Solution
The secretion of this gland is more serous in dogs and more mucous in bulls. It serves to promote the movement of spermatozoa in all the mammals and to form a vaginal plug.
Question 11 1 / -0
During the 5th prenatal month, expecting females frequently start feeling the spontaneous movements of the foetus in the abdominal region. These movements are known as
Solution
Quickening is first movements of the fetus felt in uterus. It occurs from the eighteenth to the twentieth week of pregnancy. Movements have been felt as early as the tenth week and in rare cases are not felt during the entire pregnancy.
Question 12 1 / -0
The growth of the zygote and the formulation of a linkage with the support system of the mother is noticed as which of the following?
Solution
It is the prenatal stage that begins at conception and lasts through the second week. In this stage zygote begins to have cell reproduction. Consequently, the zygote becomes a multi celled ball that attaches itself to the wall of the uterus of the mother.
Question 13 1 / -0
Which of the following structures does not arise in fetal phase?
Solution
The process of organogenesis takes place in the embryonic period. The formation of the nasal structure is a part of organogenesis and thus occurs in embryonic period.
Question 14 1 / -0
An intrauterine device is a long term birth control method. Which of the following statements regarding intrauterine device is INCORRECT?
Solution
An intrauterine device is a small contraceptive device, often 'T'-shaped and containing either copper or levonorgestrel, which is inserted into the uterus.
Question 15 1 / -0
Who invented the first intrauterine device?
Solution
In 1909, Richard Richter developed the first intrauterine device made from silkworm gut.
Question 16 1 / -0
The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from the testes. Which of the following cells of epididymis is/are regarded as the undifferentiated precursor of principal cells in human males?
Solution
Basal cells are the shorter, pyramid-shaped cells which contact the basal lamina but taper off before their apical surfaces reach the lumen.
Question 17 1 / -0
In mammals, the penis is a reproductive, intromittent organ that additionally serves as the urinal duct. Which of the following in a human male is the visible ridge between the lateral halves of the penis?
Solution
The raphe of the penis is a narrow, dark streak or ridge continuous posteriorly with the raphe of the scrotum and extending forward along the midline on the ventral surface of the penis.
Question 18 1 / -0
An ultrasound examination does not provide any information about which of the following?
Solution
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially before birth. To know the genetic causes of a variety of such diseases and for performing such tests, one needs fetal cells and these cells are obtained by invasive methods like aminocentesis, etc.
Question 19 1 / -0
After complete examination doctor told Anita that she is suffering from the most common pure germ cell tumor of the ovary. The doctor must be referring to which of the following?
Solution
Dysgerminomas are the most common malignant germ cell tumors, appraising for about 35% to 45% of all ovarian cancers of germ cell origin in females.
Question 20 1 / -0
Aman's mother is suffering from dysgerminoma of ovary. In this type of cancer which of the following tumor markers is likely to be raised?
Solution
Dysgerminomas produce placental alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, so their level rises. Serum lactate dehydrogenase is most often measured to check for tissue damage.
Question 21 1 / -0
During pregnancy, which of the following ligaments helps in maintaining the uterus in its position?
Solution
The broad ligament serves as a mesentery for the uterus, ovaries and the uterine tubes. It helps in maintaining the uterus in its position.
Question 22 1 / -0
The fallopian tubes are symmetrically paired tubular organs that connect the peritoneal cavity to the endometrium. In which of the following parts of the fallopian tubes does fertilisation occur?
Solution
A uterine tube contains 3 parts. The first segment, closest to the uterus, is called the isthmus. The second segment is the ampulla, which becomes more dilated in diameter and is the most common site for fertilization. The final segment, located farthest from the uterus, is the infundibulum.
Question 23 1 / -0
An ectopic pregnancy, is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterus. The most common site for implantation in ectopic pregnancy is _________.
Solution
The most common site of ectopic implantation is the uterine tube. The growth of the embryo in this site usually causes rupture of the tube and severe hemorrhage in the mother. Abdominally, an ectopic pregnancy often occurs in the rectouterine pouch, an area between the uterus and the rectum.
Question 24 1 / -0
Blastocoele is the primordial, fluid-filled cavity inside the early forms of embryo. It leads to the formation of which of the following?
Solution
Around the 9th day, cells from the hypoblast spread around the blastocoele, forming the exocoelomic or Heuser's membrane. When the blastocoele is surrounded by this membrane, it is referred to as the primary yolk sac or exocoelomic cavity.
Question 25 1 / -0
Which of the following parts of the decidua serves as the outer layer of the foetal placenta?
Solution
The chorion laeve forms from the mural (abembryonic) pole of the embryo trophoblast, and is the last portion of the embryo to be enveloped by the maternal decidua during implantation. The chorion leave (together with the chorion frondosum) serves as the outer layer of the fetal placenta.
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