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Heredity And Evolution Test - 3

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Heredity And Evolution Test - 3
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Your friend is unable to identify the colours of flowers. What would be the reason?

    A. Malfunctioning of rods
    B. Malfunctioning of Cones
    C. Haemophilia
    D. Colour blindness

    Choose the correct answer.
    Solution
    Colour blindness usually involves the inability to distinguish between colours. Cone cells, or cones, are one of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye). They are responsible for colour vision.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Colour blindness is more common in men than in women as
    Solution
    Colour blindness is a sex linked trait that affects males much more often than females because the genes of this trait are on X chromosome.
    Males only have one X chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes, so even one defective gene present on X chromosome will be expressed in males.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Chromosomes are composed of
    Solution
    In nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread like structure called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones, that support its structure.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which is the correct statement?
    Solution
    Recessive trait can be expressed only under homozygous condition whereas dominant trait can be expressed in both heterozygous and homozygous conditions.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The book 'Origin of Species' belongs to
    Solution
    Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book 'Origin of Species', overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    If a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous dwarf plant, the proportion of dwarf progeny will be
    Solution


    The proportion of dwarf progeny is 50%.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Identify the inherited trait from the following.
    Solution
    Inheritable traits are the traits that get passed down from generation to the next generation. Seed colour in plants is an example of inherited trait. All others are examples of acquired traits.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a vestigial organ in humans?
    Solution
    The organs which do not perform any function in the organism, but were once functional in the ancestors of that organism are known as vestigial organs. Toe nail is not a vestigial organ. It protects the toes from injury.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Fossil records suggest that birds are closely related to
    Solution
    Feathers initially served the function of providing insulation in cold weather [as in some dinosaurs (reptiles)]. But with time, these feathers evolved and got adapted to be used for flight (as in birds). This shows that birds are closely related to reptiles (dinosaurs).
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Identify the type of organs shown in the given diagram.

    Solution
    The organs which have the same basic structure and developmental origin, but have different functions are known as homologous organs. For example, the forelimbs of mammals, amphibians, birds and reptiles are built on the same basic design of bones, but they are modified to perform different functions. The homologous forelimbs indicate that all these vertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles) evolved from a common ancestor.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Which of the following are the methods of dating fossils?

    (i) Artificial selection
    (ii) Relative method
    (iii) Selecting isotopic ratio
    (iv) Comparing DNA
    Solution
    Following are the two methods to know the age of fossils:
    (i) Relative method: On digging the earth, the fossils, which are found closer to the earth's surface are more recent than the fossils found from the deeper layers of the earth.
    (ii) By detecting the ratio of different isotopes of the same element in the fossils
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    'Natural selection' selects individuals who are
    Solution
    Certain variations give some individuals of a population, an advantage when competition among the members is high. Eventually, individuals with these variations would be present in larger numbers and would produce offspring that will make a greater percentage of the total. This is the basic essence of natural selection.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    There is a population of brown and green beetles. By chance, a person steps on the green beetles and all the green beetles die. This situation explains the phenomenon of
    Solution
    Genetic drift is related to the size of the population. It operates when the population size is small. Therefore, accidents in small populations can change the frequency of some genes in an advantage. This is the essence of genetic drift.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    _______ can change their sex during their life.
    Solution
    Animals like snails can change their sex during their life. Snails are hermaphrodite, i.e. organisms which possess both male and female sex organs during their life.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a homozygous-dominant dihybrid condition?
    Solution
    TTRR represents homozygous and dominant condition for T and R allele. Others either represent heterozygous or recessive condition.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    In a certain plant, purple flowers are dominant to red flowers. If the cross of two purple-flowered plants produces some purple-flowered and some red-flowered plants, what is the genotype of the parent plants?
    Solution
    From the options given, crossing of hybrid parents will result in the formation of plants having dominant trait and recessive trait. The gametes formed by crossing Pp x Pp will be: PP (purple), Pp (purple), Pp (purple) and pp (red).
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    What is the name of generation given to the plants produced from cross pollination of genetically pure parent plants?
    Solution
    Cross pollination is done by the parents having opposite traits. Genetically pure parents are crossed together and the result of this cross is called F1 generation. It should be noted that all other generations obtained thereafter, i.e. F2, F3 and F4 are produced by the self-pollination of members of the previous generation.
    For example,

  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    Which of the following traits does not involve reproductive cells?
    Solution
    Piercing of ear is limited to the cells of ear and do not affect the DNA. Also, it is not inherited because it is not carried by reproductive cells. On the contrary, traits of hair colour, eye colour and nose shape are contained in the DNA of reproductive cells and are expressed by proteins, which pass into the next generation.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    Speciation cannot occur in groups of individuals that
    Solution
    Speciation means formation of new species from already existing species. This occurs due to gradual accumulation of changes over hundreds of generations. Since changes in the genetic makeup do not occur in asexual reproduction, the chances of speciation are reduced to almost nil for individuals reproducing by asexual methods.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    What do we call the differences in the traits among the individuals of a species?
    Solution
    The traits of different individuals of the same species differ from each other. This occurs due to small changes in the genetic makeup that occur during DNA copying or recombination during sexual reproduction. These differences are called variations, and evolution is a result of variations occurring over generations.
    On the other hand, inheritance and heredity are opposite of variation because they refer to the transmission of traits from one generation to another.
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