Microorganisms Test - 5

The microscopic scale is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. The microscopic organisms are algae, virus and bacteria. However, ants are macroscopic and can be seen by the naked eye. So, option 4 is the correct answer.

Algae are a very diverse group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms that account for almost 50% of the photosynthesis that takes place on Earth.

A virus is an acellular infectious particle consisting of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a coat of protein. Viruses are not considered to be living because they are not capable of living and reproducing by themselves and they show some characteristics of life only when they are inside living cells.

Option 1 is the correct answer.
Red algae yield agar, which is a colloidal agent used for thickening, suspending, and stabilising the creams and chocolate.

Commensalism is a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other without affecting it. Hence, the microorganisms that live on a host`s body and benefit from it without harming the host are called commensals.

Chlorella benefits the entire body by supporting healthy hormonal function, promoting cardiovascular health, helping to negate the effects of chemotherapy and radiation, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, and aiding in the detoxification of the body. Hence, it is commonly used as a supplement.

The main yeast species used in production of alcohol is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It ferments the sugars, coming from different sources, e.g. grapes for wine, barley for beer, to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Dysentery is most often caused by Shigella bacteria (shigellosis) or an amoeba. Dysentery is often spread through contaminated food or water.

Only certain species of mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus and only females of those species can transmit malaria. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Malaria is a blood disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.

Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis or tinea, is a fungal infection of the skin. These fungi have the ability to infect the outermost cornified layers of the skin, hair or nails. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Anaemia is a condition that develops when the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin and hence, it is not communicable.

ORS stands for Oral Rehydration Solution, which is a liquid preparation developed by the World Health Organisation that can decrease fluid loss in persons with diarrhoea.

Option 2
`Bacteria` is the correct answer as DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus, which are all bacterial diseases.