Nutrition in Plants and Animals Test - 4

Phloem tissue conducts prepared food from the leaf to storage organs and growing regions.Phloem tissue consists of: conducting cells, generally called sieve elements; parenchyma cells, including both specialized companion cells or albuminous cells and unspecialized cells; and supportive cells, such as fibres and sclereids.

Nodules with nitrogen fixing bacteria are present in the roots of gram.Their ability to fix gaseous nitrogen makes legumes an ideal agricultural organism as their requirement for nitrogen fertilizer is reduced.

Organisms who depend on dead organic matter for food are called saprophytes.These organisms are also known as decomposers, they decompose the dead matter.Examples of saprophytes are fungi, yeast, mushrooms, moulds, etc.

Four important mineral nutrients required in large quantities by humans are phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium. Dietitians may recommend that dietary elements are best supplied by ingesting specific foods rich with the chemical element(s) of interest.

In humans, the pH of saliva varies from 6.7 to 7.2.The main enzyme in saliva (amylase, which breaks down starch) cannot function in an environment lower than a pH of 6.5. So, pH in this range is needed to promote mineral absorption and starch digestion.

A human being is said to be starving when food taken does not meet the loss of energy. Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage[1] and eventually, death.

Glucose is regarded as main cellular fuel.It is used as an energy source in most organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.

The essential mineral for the formation of body protein is sulphur.Sulfur is present in four amino acids: methionine, an essential amino acid; the nonessential cystine and cysteine, which can be made from methionine; and taurine, which is not part of body tissues but does help produce bile acid for digestion

A person deficient in rhodopsin (visual pigment) should take carrots. It is a biological pigment in photoreceptor cells of the retina.

Riboflavin is essential for normal vision. It is needed to help the body change vitamin B6 and folate into forms it can use. It is also important for growth and red blood cell production.