SAT (Stage-1) Mock Test - 58

Match the following:

The livre was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor state of West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of both units of account and coins.

A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural produce.

The taille was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien Régime France. The tax was imposed on each household and was based on how much land it held, and was directly paid to the state.

The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation. The vast system of irrigation works–canals and earthworks–built mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market.

The French rebuilt the city of Hanoi to create a Modern Vietnam. The latest ideas about architecture and modern engineering skills were employed. The sewer system was installed to create a hygienic environment, but it became the cause of the plague.

The old ports of Surat in Gujarat, Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast and Hooghly in Calcutta were the centres of trade in the pre-colonial times.

He started the Saminist movement questioning state ownership of forest. As the Saminist movement gained momentum by 1907, 3000 village families were following his ideals.
Surontiko Samin was an inhabitant of Randublatung village in Indonesia. This area had teak forests.

Peasants were against unfair and unwanted land taxes. They were in favour of paying reasonable land taxes and other tax revenues but were completely against higher land taxes imposed by the British.

The State List or List-II is a list of 61 items (initially there were 66 items in the list) in Schedule Seven to the Constitution of India. Agriculture and Irrigation fall under this list.

Public opinion is important in a democracy because the people are the ultimate source of power. Therefore, any governmental official has to take public opinion into account when deciding how to act. It therefore controls dictatorship of the ruler.

From 1929 to 2000, the PRI won every presidential election by well over 70 percent of the vote—margins that were usually obtained by massive electoral fraud.

One-third of seats in local government bodies – in Panchayats and Municipalities – are reserved for women. Women's organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women. A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

A member who is elected for a full term in the Rajya Sabha serves for a period of six years.

Communal politics is based on the idea that the beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, and that the followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. In its extreme form, communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.

Communalism happens when state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest.

In 1893, the self-governing colony New Zealand became the first country in the world (except for the short-lived 18^th century Corsican Republic) to grant active universal suffrage by giving women the right to vote. It did not grant universal full suffrage (the right to both vote and be a candidate, or both active and passive suffrage) until 1919.

Whenever the office becomes vacant, the new President is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of Parliament (M.P.s), the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of all States and the elected members of the legislative assemblies (M.L.A.s) of two Union Territories (i.e. National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and Union Territory of Puducherry).

Transparency means more openness and honesty, making private documents and information public, releasing budgets, private meetings, etc. to the public. This allows following of proper rules and regulations.