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Razia Sultan was the first woman who ruled medieval India, during the Muslim empire. Razia Sultan's original name was Razia-al-Din. Her throne name was Jalalat-ud-Din Razia. She preferred to be called as Razia Sultan, as Sultana was feminist. Razia succeeded her father, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish, to the sultanate of Delhi in 1236. While his sons were enjoying youth, Razia was actively participating in the administrative matters of the kingdom. Once, when Iltutmish was busy with the siege of Gwalior, he had entrusted the governance of Delhi to Razia. On his return, he was very much impressed by the way Razia had run the empire. At that very moment, he declared Razia as his heir. It was the will of the king that after his death, Razia, his daughter, should succeed the throne. But the Muslim people were not happy with this decision. When Iltutmish died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, usurped the throne and ruled for about 7 months. Rukn-ud-din wasted all, after he got the control and the throne. Muslim nobility with reluctance agreed to allow Razia to rule the empire. She was an efficient Sultan, working for the betterment of the empire, but like her father, most of her time was spent in fighting rebellions. She had personally led the army to many places like Punjab and Multan. Her reign was just for three years, yet her bravery, struggle and her undaunted spirit has been preserved in the treasures of history.

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Razia Sultan was the first woman who ruled medieval India, during the Muslim empire. Razia Sultan's original name was Razia-al-Din. Her throne name was Jalalat-ud-Din Razia. She preferred to be called as Razia Sultan, as Sultana was feminist. Razia succeeded her father, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish, to the sultanate of Delhi in 1236. While his sons were enjoying youth, Razia was actively participating in the administrative matters of the kingdom. Once, when Iltutmish was busy with the siege of Gwalior, he had entrusted the governance of Delhi to Razia. On his return, he was very much impressed by the way Razia had run the empire. At that very moment, he declared Razia as his heir. It was the will of the king that after his death, Razia, his daughter, should succeed the throne. But the Muslim people were not happy with this decision. When Iltutmish died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, usurped the throne and ruled for about 7 months. Rukn-ud-din wasted all, after he got the control and the throne. Muslim nobility with reluctance agreed to allow Razia to rule the empire. She was an efficient Sultan, working for the betterment of the empire, but like her father, most of her time was spent in fighting rebellions. She had personally led the army to many places like Punjab and Multan. Her reign was just for three years, yet her bravery, struggle and her undaunted spirit has been preserved in the treasures of history.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Razia Sultan was the first woman who ruled medieval India, during the Muslim empire. Razia Sultan's original name was Razia-al-Din. Her throne name was Jalalat-ud-Din Razia. She preferred to be called as Razia Sultan, as Sultana was feminist. Razia succeeded her father, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish, to the sultanate of Delhi in 1236. While his sons were enjoying youth, Razia was actively participating in the administrative matters of the kingdom. Once, when Iltutmish was busy with the siege of Gwalior, he had entrusted the governance of Delhi to Razia. On his return, he was very much impressed by the way Razia had run the empire. At that very moment, he declared Razia as his heir. It was the will of the king that after his death, Razia, his daughter, should succeed the throne. But the Muslim people were not happy with this decision. When Iltutmish died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, usurped the throne and ruled for about 7 months. Rukn-ud-din wasted all, after he got the control and the throne. Muslim nobility with reluctance agreed to allow Razia to rule the empire. She was an efficient Sultan, working for the betterment of the empire, but like her father, most of her time was spent in fighting rebellions. She had personally led the army to many places like Punjab and Multan. Her reign was just for three years, yet her bravery, struggle and her undaunted spirit has been preserved in the treasures of history.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Razia Sultan was the first woman who ruled medieval India, during the Muslim empire. Razia Sultan's original name was Razia-al-Din. Her throne name was Jalalat-ud-Din Razia. She preferred to be called as Razia Sultan, as Sultana was feminist. Razia succeeded her father, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish, to the sultanate of Delhi in 1236. While his sons were enjoying youth, Razia was actively participating in the administrative matters of the kingdom. Once, when Iltutmish was busy with the siege of Gwalior, he had entrusted the governance of Delhi to Razia. On his return, he was very much impressed by the way Razia had run the empire. At that very moment, he declared Razia as his heir. It was the will of the king that after his death, Razia, his daughter, should succeed the throne. But the Muslim people were not happy with this decision. When Iltutmish died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, usurped the throne and ruled for about 7 months. Rukn-ud-din wasted all, after he got the control and the throne. Muslim nobility with reluctance agreed to allow Razia to rule the empire. She was an efficient Sultan, working for the betterment of the empire, but like her father, most of her time was spent in fighting rebellions. She had personally led the army to many places like Punjab and Multan. Her reign was just for three years, yet her bravery, struggle and her undaunted spirit has been preserved in the treasures of history.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Razia Sultan was the first woman who ruled medieval India, during the Muslim empire. Razia Sultan's original name was Razia-al-Din. Her throne name was Jalalat-ud-Din Razia. She preferred to be called as Razia Sultan, as Sultana was feminist. Razia succeeded her father, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish, to the sultanate of Delhi in 1236. While his sons were enjoying youth, Razia was actively participating in the administrative matters of the kingdom. Once, when Iltutmish was busy with the siege of Gwalior, he had entrusted the governance of Delhi to Razia. On his return, he was very much impressed by the way Razia had run the empire. At that very moment, he declared Razia as his heir. It was the will of the king that after his death, Razia, his daughter, should succeed the throne. But the Muslim people were not happy with this decision. When Iltutmish died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, usurped the throne and ruled for about 7 months. Rukn-ud-din wasted all, after he got the control and the throne. Muslim nobility with reluctance agreed to allow Razia to rule the empire. She was an efficient Sultan, working for the betterment of the empire, but like her father, most of her time was spent in fighting rebellions. She had personally led the army to many places like Punjab and Multan. Her reign was just for three years, yet her bravery, struggle and her undaunted spirit has been preserved in the treasures of history.

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Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia. The Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago. It is about 2400 km long with the shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150 and 400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges - Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Outer Himalaya. The Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 metres are located here. World's highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are Karakoram and Kanchenjunga. The word Himalaya means "home of snow", because upper portion of this mountain range is always covered with snow. This mountain range is the home of many glaciers and rivers. The glaciers in these mountains are the sources of rivers such as - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It has a great role in the creation of Gobi Desert. This mountain range is a part of these countries - Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia. The Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago. It is about 2400 km long with the shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150 and 400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges - Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Outer Himalaya. The Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 metres are located here. World's highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are Karakoram and Kanchenjunga. The word Himalaya means "home of snow", because upper portion of this mountain range is always covered with snow. This mountain range is the home of many glaciers and rivers. The glaciers in these mountains are the sources of rivers such as - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It has a great role in the creation of Gobi Desert. This mountain range is a part of these countries - Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia. The Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago. It is about 2400 km long with the shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150 and 400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges - Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Outer Himalaya. The Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 metres are located here. World's highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are Karakoram and Kanchenjunga. The word Himalaya means "home of snow", because upper portion of this mountain range is always covered with snow. This mountain range is the home of many glaciers and rivers. The glaciers in these mountains are the sources of rivers such as - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It has a great role in the creation of Gobi Desert. This mountain range is a part of these countries - Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia. The Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago. It is about 2400 km long with the shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150 and 400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges - Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Outer Himalaya. The Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 metres are located here. World's highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are Karakoram and Kanchenjunga. The word Himalaya means "home of snow", because upper portion of this mountain range is always covered with snow. This mountain range is the home of many glaciers and rivers. The glaciers in these mountains are the sources of rivers such as - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It has a great role in the creation of Gobi Desert. This mountain range is a part of these countries - Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia. The Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago. It is about 2400 km long with the shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150 and 400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges - Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Outer Himalaya. The Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 metres are located here. World's highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are Karakoram and Kanchenjunga. The word Himalaya means "home of snow", because upper portion of this mountain range is always covered with snow. This mountain range is the home of many glaciers and rivers. The glaciers in these mountains are the sources of rivers such as - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra and Yamuna. Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It has a great role in the creation of Gobi Desert. This mountain range is a part of these countries - Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

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Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of the most famous Indian brand Tata Group. Ratan Tata was born on 28^th December, 1937 in Bombay, India. Ratan Tata's father was Naval Tata and mother was Sooni. Naval Tata was adopted by Jamsetji's younger childless son Ratan Tata (Grandfather's name was same). At the age of seven Ratan Tata's parents got separated. He was raised by his grandmother, Navajbai. From his childhood, he was interested in cars. He was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 after J.R.D Tata's resignation. At that time many people criticised that decision, as he did not have that level of experience to run a company as big as Tata's. But Ratan Tata answered them with achievements and not words. Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, Tata Group became a global brand. Tata Group acquired many companies including Tetley, Jaguar, Land Rover and Corus. TCS was also built under his leadership. His interest in cars also helped to build Tata Nano and Tata Indica. On 28^th December, 2012, Ratan Tata resigned from the post of chairman of Tata Group. Cyrus Mistry took over his post. Ratan Tata won Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008. He was awarded Lifetime Achievement Award by Rockefeller Foundation in 2012.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of the most famous Indian brand Tata Group. Ratan Tata was born on 28^th December, 1937 in Bombay, India. Ratan Tata's father was Naval Tata and mother was Sooni. Naval Tata was adopted by Jamsetji's younger childless son Ratan Tata (Grandfather's name was same). At the age of seven Ratan Tata's parents got separated. He was raised by his grandmother, Navajbai. From his childhood, he was interested in cars. He was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 after J.R.D Tata's resignation. At that time many people criticised that decision, as he did not have that level of experience to run a company as big as Tata's. But Ratan Tata answered them with achievements and not words. Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, Tata Group became a global brand. Tata Group acquired many companies including Tetley, Jaguar, Land Rover and Corus. TCS was also built under his leadership. His interest in cars also helped to build Tata Nano and Tata Indica. On 28^th December, 2012, Ratan Tata resigned from the post of chairman of Tata Group. Cyrus Mistry took over his post. Ratan Tata won Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008. He was awarded Lifetime Achievement Award by Rockefeller Foundation in 2012.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of the most famous Indian brand Tata Group. Ratan Tata was born on 28^th December, 1937 in Bombay, India. Ratan Tata's father was Naval Tata and mother was Sooni. Naval Tata was adopted by Jamsetji's younger childless son Ratan Tata (Grandfather's name was same). At the age of seven Ratan Tata's parents got separated. He was raised by his grandmother, Navajbai. From his childhood, he was interested in cars. He was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 after J.R.D Tata's resignation. At that time many people criticised that decision, as he did not have that level of experience to run a company as big as Tata's. But Ratan Tata answered them with achievements and not words. Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, Tata Group became a global brand. Tata Group acquired many companies including Tetley, Jaguar, Land Rover and Corus. TCS was also built under his leadership. His interest in cars also helped to build Tata Nano and Tata Indica. On 28^th December, 2012, Ratan Tata resigned from the post of chairman of Tata Group. Cyrus Mistry took over his post. Ratan Tata won Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008. He was awarded Lifetime Achievement Award by Rockefeller Foundation in 2012.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of the most famous Indian brand Tata Group. Ratan Tata was born on 28^th December, 1937 in Bombay, India. Ratan Tata's father was Naval Tata and mother was Sooni. Naval Tata was adopted by Jamsetji's younger childless son Ratan Tata (Grandfather's name was same). At the age of seven Ratan Tata's parents got separated. He was raised by his grandmother, Navajbai. From his childhood, he was interested in cars. He was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 after J.R.D Tata's resignation. At that time many people criticised that decision, as he did not have that level of experience to run a company as big as Tata's. But Ratan Tata answered them with achievements and not words. Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, Tata Group became a global brand. Tata Group acquired many companies including Tetley, Jaguar, Land Rover and Corus. TCS was also built under his leadership. His interest in cars also helped to build Tata Nano and Tata Indica. On 28^th December, 2012, Ratan Tata resigned from the post of chairman of Tata Group. Cyrus Mistry took over his post. Ratan Tata won Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008. He was awarded Lifetime Achievement Award by Rockefeller Foundation in 2012.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of the most famous Indian brand Tata Group. Ratan Tata was born on 28^th December, 1937 in Bombay, India. Ratan Tata's father was Naval Tata and mother was Sooni. Naval Tata was adopted by Jamsetji's younger childless son Ratan Tata (Grandfather's name was same). At the age of seven Ratan Tata's parents got separated. He was raised by his grandmother, Navajbai. From his childhood, he was interested in cars. He was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1991 after J.R.D Tata's resignation. At that time many people criticised that decision, as he did not have that level of experience to run a company as big as Tata's. But Ratan Tata answered them with achievements and not words. Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, Tata Group became a global brand. Tata Group acquired many companies including Tetley, Jaguar, Land Rover and Corus. TCS was also built under his leadership. His interest in cars also helped to build Tata Nano and Tata Indica. On 28^th December, 2012, Ratan Tata resigned from the post of chairman of Tata Group. Cyrus Mistry took over his post. Ratan Tata won Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008. He was awarded Lifetime Achievement Award by Rockefeller Foundation in 2012.