Modern India Test - 1

Charter Act of 1833 or the Saint Helena Act 1833 or Government of India Act 1833 was passed by the British Parliament to renew the charter of East India Company which was last renewed in 1813. Via this act, the charter was renewed for 20 years but the East India Company was deprived of its commercial privileges which it enjoyed so far. It ended the activities of the company as a commercial body and it was made a purely administrative body. With this, British were allowed to settle freely in India. This act made the Governor General of Bengal the Governor General of British India and all financial and administrative powers were centralised in the hands of Governor General-in-Council. Thus, with Charter Act of 1833, Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor General of British India.

Permanent Settlement of Bengal was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire British Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. The Permanent Settlement was introduced first in Bengal and Bihar, and then in the southern district of Madras and Varanasi.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the pioneer in spreading modern education and social reforms among Muslims.

He was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth-century British India. He worked to promote reinterpretation of Muslim ideology in order to reconcile tradition with Western education. He established the MAO College which eventually became the Aligarh Muslim University.

Sarda Act, 1930, or Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, passed on 28 September, 1929, in the imperial legislative council of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and that for boys at 18 years, which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. The object of the act is to prohibit solemnisation of child marriage, and connected and incidental matters.