English Language Test - 9

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

Dr John Kane's father, a retired army general, never smoked and had no apparent health risks – but had died of a heart attack at 66. The news propelled Kane into the field of cardiology. Nearly half a century later, his discoveries may alter the treatment of the No. 1 killer in the industrialized world: heart disease. Kane spent much of his first two decades as a doctor doing research that helped link high cholesterol to heart attacks. He began collecting samples of DNA, believing that genes must play a role as well. Kane has scrutinized 10,000 genes – nearly half the human genome. So far, he has identified 20 variations that seem to mark the people who carry them for heart attacks.

Kane has reached some surprising conclusions: at least half of the genetic variations linked to heart attacks bear no obvious relation to cholesterol levels, blood pressure, or any of the other usual suspects in heart disease. Instead, they strongly suggest mechanisms such as inflammation, which can be caused by an infection or by a haywire immune system. That implies that there may be several forms of heart disease.

If Kane is right, doctors might be able to screen patients' DNA and predict not only whether they are likely to have a heart attack, but which type of heart disease to expect and which drug or procedure might work. Instead of prescribing a cholesterol-lowering pill, such as Lipitor, reflexively, they might choose an anti-inflammatory, for example. Other experts share Kane's conviction. "We're embarking onto the open sea," says Kane, "and we're discovering things that nobody knew about."

Direction:

Given below is a pasage followed by several possible inferences that can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You must examine each inference separately, in the context of the passage, and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity, and

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e., properly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e., from the facts given you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e., it contradicts the given facts.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

Dr John Kane's father, a retired army general, never smoked and had no apparent health risks – but had died of a heart attack at 66. The news propelled Kane into the field of cardiology. Nearly half a century later, his discoveries may alter the treatment of the No. 1 killer in the industrialized world: heart disease. Kane spent much of his first two decades as a doctor doing research that helped link high cholesterol to heart attacks. He began collecting samples of DNA, believing that genes must play a role as well. Kane has scrutinized 10,000 genes – nearly half the human genome. So far, he has identified 20 variations that seem to mark the people who carry them for heart attacks.

Kane has reached some surprising conclusions: at least half of the genetic variations linked to heart attacks bear no obvious relation to cholesterol levels, blood pressure, or any of the other usual suspects in heart disease. Instead, they strongly suggest mechanisms such as inflammation, which can be caused by an infection or by a haywire immune system. That implies that there may be several forms of heart disease.

If Kane is right, doctors might be able to screen patients' DNA and predict not only whether they are likely to have a heart attack, but which type of heart disease to expect and which drug or procedure might work. Instead of prescribing a cholesterol-lowering pill, such as Lipitor, reflexively, they might choose an anti-inflammatory, for example. Other experts share Kane's conviction. "We're embarking onto the open sea," says Kane, "and we're discovering things that nobody knew about."

Direction:

Given below is a pasage followed by several possible inferences that can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You must examine each inference separately, in the context of the passage, and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity, and

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e., properly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e., from the facts given you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e., it contradicts the given facts.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

Dr John Kane's father, a retired army general, never smoked and had no apparent health risks – but had died of a heart attack at 66. The news propelled Kane into the field of cardiology. Nearly half a century later, his discoveries may alter the treatment of the No. 1 killer in the industrialized world: heart disease. Kane spent much of his first two decades as a doctor doing research that helped link high cholesterol to heart attacks. He began collecting samples of DNA, believing that genes must play a role as well. Kane has scrutinized 10,000 genes – nearly half the human genome. So far, he has identified 20 variations that seem to mark the people who carry them for heart attacks.

Kane has reached some surprising conclusions: at least half of the genetic variations linked to heart attacks bear no obvious relation to cholesterol levels, blood pressure, or any of the other usual suspects in heart disease. Instead, they strongly suggest mechanisms such as inflammation, which can be caused by an infection or by a haywire immune system. That implies that there may be several forms of heart disease.

If Kane is right, doctors might be able to screen patients' DNA and predict not only whether they are likely to have a heart attack, but which type of heart disease to expect and which drug or procedure might work. Instead of prescribing a cholesterol-lowering pill, such as Lipitor, reflexively, they might choose an anti-inflammatory, for example. Other experts share Kane's conviction. "We're embarking onto the open sea," says Kane, "and we're discovering things that nobody knew about."

Direction:

Given below is a pasage followed by several possible inferences that can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You must examine each inference separately, in the context of the passage, and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity, and

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e., properly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e., from the facts given you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e., it contradicts the given facts.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

Dr John Kane's father, a retired army general, never smoked and had no apparent health risks – but had died of a heart attack at 66. The news propelled Kane into the field of cardiology. Nearly half a century later, his discoveries may alter the treatment of the No. 1 killer in the industrialized world: heart disease. Kane spent much of his first two decades as a doctor doing research that helped link high cholesterol to heart attacks. He began collecting samples of DNA, believing that genes must play a role as well. Kane has scrutinized 10,000 genes – nearly half the human genome. So far, he has identified 20 variations that seem to mark the people who carry them for heart attacks.

Kane has reached some surprising conclusions: at least half of the genetic variations linked to heart attacks bear no obvious relation to cholesterol levels, blood pressure, or any of the other usual suspects in heart disease. Instead, they strongly suggest mechanisms such as inflammation, which can be caused by an infection or by a haywire immune system. That implies that there may be several forms of heart disease.

If Kane is right, doctors might be able to screen patients' DNA and predict not only whether they are likely to have a heart attack, but which type of heart disease to expect and which drug or procedure might work. Instead of prescribing a cholesterol-lowering pill, such as Lipitor, reflexively, they might choose an anti-inflammatory, for example. Other experts share Kane's conviction. "We're embarking onto the open sea," says Kane, "and we're discovering things that nobody knew about."

Direction:

Given below is a pasage followed by several possible inferences that can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You must examine each inference separately, in the context of the passage, and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity, and

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e., properly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e., from the facts given you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e., it contradicts the given facts.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

A decision is an important facet of administration. It is a step to be taken for improvement, follow-up, or further action regarding a problem or policy. Consider the information in the given statement to be true and

Mark [1], if only A is to be the course of action.

Mark [2], if only B is to be the course of action.

Mark [3], if B is to be followed by A as the course of action.

Mark [4], if A is to be followed by B as the course of action.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

If today’s parents do not fill their children’s every waking hour with study, or at least organized activity, they risk social disapproval. In Hong Kong, 10-year-old Cheng Hoi-ming has 34 hours in school each week, as well as at least eight hours of tennis lessons and nearly three hours of extra tutorials in Science and Maths. Her 13-year-old sister, Hoi-ying, was participating in 10 extracurricular activities each week by the time she reached second grade (a schedule that has been eased only slightly now that she has entered middle school). Even so, “I was regarded as an irresponsible parent, because they were not doing enough,” says their mother, social worker Alice Chang. Parents who withdraw their children from the fray altogether face even greater opprobrium. John Au, a graphic designer, says his relatives were aghast at his decision to remove his son Justin from Wah Yan, one of Hong Kong’s most prestigious schools. “A lot of people regard getting into Wah Yan like winning the lottery, but my son was working until 11 p.m. every night at 7 years of age,” says Au. “He got tired and I got tired.” Justin now attends an international school and, according to his father, “seems much happier”.

There are many Asian parents who, like Au, have become disillusioned with conventional education systems. But not all of them have his confidence when it comes to knowing what to do next. Instead, they are more likely to experience the confusion felt by Chikako Kobayashi, a mother of two grade-schoolers in the Tokyo commuter suburb of Hachioji. She sums up the feelings of many when she admits, “I don’t really know what is best for my kids.”