Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26

Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26: Here is an Sociology Model Paper with Solutions for students preparing for the Bihar Board (BSEB) Class 12th examination in 2026.

By practicing with this model paper, you can score good marks in the board exam. This model paper is designed according to the latest exam pattern and syllabus of the Bihar Board.

Step-by-step solutions are provided for all questions to make it easier for students to understand. You can download the Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26 with Solutions in PDF format for free from the links given below.

Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26: PDF Download Links

Download Link
Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2026 (Official)
Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper Set 1
Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper Set 2
Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper Set 3

Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26: Exam Pattern (Official)

The official pattern for the Bihar Board 12th Sociology (Elective) examination is as follows:

विवरण (Details)	जानकारी (Information)
Board	BSEB (Bihar Board)
Class	12th (Intermediate)
Subject	Sociology (समाजशास्त्र)
Paper Type	Elective (ऐच्छिक)
Subject Code	325
Stream	I.A. (आई.ए.)
Full Marks	100
Total Questions	138
Exam Duration	3 Hours 15 Minutes
Paper Type	Objective + Subjective
Sections	Section A + Section B
Passing Marks	33%
Negative Marking	No

Bihar Board 12th Sociology Model Paper 2025-26: Question Paper Pattern (Official)

Section	Question Type	Total Questions	Attempt	Marks Each	Total Marks
Section A (खण्ड-अ)	Objective (MCQ)	100	50	1 Mark	50 Marks
Section B (खण्ड-ब)	Short Answer	30	15	2 Marks	30 Marks
Section B (खण्ड-ब)	Long Answer	8	4	5 Marks	20 Marks
Total	-	138	69	-	100 Marks

Section A: Objective Questions (OMR Based) – Official Pattern

Details	Information
Question Type	Objective (MCQ)
Total Questions	100
Questions to Attempt	50
Marks per Question	1 Mark
Total Marks	50 Marks
Answer Sheet	OMR Sheet
Pen to Use	Blue/Black Ball Pen
Evaluation	First 50 answers evaluated if more attempted

Important Instructions for Section A (खण्ड-अ के लिए निर्देश):

In Section – A there are 100 objective type questions, out of which any 50 questions are to be answered.
If more than 50 questions are answered, then only first 50 will be evaluated.
Each question carries 1 mark.
For answering these darken the circle with blue/black ball pen against the correct option on OMR answer sheet provided to you.
Do not use whitener/liquid/blade/nail etc. on the OMR answer sheet, otherwise the result will be treated invalid.

Section B: Subjective Questions – Official Pattern

Question Type	Total Questions	Attempt	Marks Each	Total Marks
Short Answer (लघु उत्तरीय)	30	15	2 Marks	30 Marks
Long Answer (दीर्घ उत्तरीय)	8	4	5 Marks	20 Marks
Total	38	19	-	50 Marks

Important Instructions for Section B (खण्ड-ब के लिए निर्देश):

In Section-B there are 30 short Answer Type Questions. Each carrying 2 marks. Out of which any 15 questions are to be answered.
Apart from these, there are 8 Long answer type questions, each carrying 5 marks, out of which any 4 questions are to be answered.

Bihar Board 12th Sociology 2025-26: Marks Distribution

Part	Marks	Percentage
Objective (Section A)	50 Marks	50%
Subjective (Section B)	50 Marks	50%
Total	100 Marks	100%

Section-wise Marks Breakdown:

Section	Component	Marks
Section A	MCQ (50 × 1)	50 Marks
Section B	Short Answer (15 × 2)	30 Marks
Section B	Long Answer (4 × 5)	20 Marks
Total	-	100 Marks

Bihar Board 12th Sociology 2025-26: Chapter-wise Weightage

Book 1: Indian Society (भारतीय समाज)

Chapter	Topic	Expected Weightage
1	भारतीय समाज की संरचना (Introducing Indian Society)	4-6 Marks
2	भारतीय समाज की जनसांख्यिकीय संरचना (The Demographic Structure of Indian Society)	6-8 Marks
3	सामाजिक संस्थाएँ: निरंतरता और परिवर्तन (Social Institutions: Continuity and Change)	8-10 Marks
4	बाजार एक सामाजिक संस्था के रूप में (Market as a Social Institution)	6-8 Marks
5	सामाजिक असमानता और बहिष्कार के स्वरूप (Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion)	8-10 Marks
6	सांस्कृतिक विविधता की चुनौतियाँ (The Challenges of Cultural Diversity)	8-10 Marks
7	परियोजना कार्य के लिए सुझाव (Suggestions for Project Work)	-

Book 2: Change and Development in India (भारत में सामाजिक परिवर्तन एवं विकास)

Chapter	Topic	Expected Weightage
1	संरचनात्मक परिवर्तन (Structural Change)	6-8 Marks
2	सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन (Cultural Change)	6-8 Marks
3	भारतीय लोकतंत्र की कहानियाँ (The Story of Indian Democracy)	6-8 Marks
4	ग्रामीण समाज में परिवर्तन और विकास (Change and Development in Rural Society)	8-10 Marks
5	औद्योगिक समाज में परिवर्तन और विकास (Change and Development in Industrial Society)	6-8 Marks
6	भूमंडलीकरण और सामाजिक परिवर्तन (Globalisation and Social Change)	8-10 Marks
7	जनसंपर्क माध्यम और संचार (Mass Media and Communications)	6-8 Marks
8	सामाजिक आंदोलन (Social Movements)	6-8 Marks

Bihar Board 12th Sociology 2025-26: Marking Scheme

Question Type	Marks	Marking Method
Objective (MCQ)	1 Mark	Correct answer = 1 mark
Short Answer (2 Marks)	2 Marks	Step-wise marking
Long Answer (5 Marks)	5 Marks	Step-wise marking with examples

Detailed Marking Criteria:

Question Type	Marking Criteria
MCQ (1 Mark)	Full marks for the correct answer.
Short Answer (2 Marks)	Definition/Key points - 1 mark, Explanation/Example - 1 mark
Long Answer (5 Marks)	Introduction - 1 point, Main points - 2 points, Analysis/Examples - 1.5 points, Conclusion - 0.5 points

General Instructions for Candidates (परीक्षार्थियों के लिए निर्देश)

क्र.सं.	Instructions
1	Candidates must enter his/her Question Booklet Serial No. (10 Digits) in the OMR Answer Sheet.
2	Candidates are required to give answer in their own words as far as practicable.
3	Figures in the right-hand margin indicate full marks.
4	15 minutes extra time have been allotted for the candidates to read the questions carefully.
5	This question booklet is divided into two sections – Section "A" and Section "B".
6	Use of any electronic appliances is strictly prohibited.

Important Topics for Sociology Exam

Book 1: Indian Society (भारतीय समाज)

Topic	Key Concepts
Demographic Structure	Population Growth, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Migration, Age Structure
Caste System	Varna, Jati, Dominant Caste, Caste Discrimination, Reservation
Tribal Society	Scheduled Tribes, Tribal Problems, Integration vs Isolation
Family & Kinship	Joint Family, Nuclear Family, Marriage Types, Kinship Terms
Market & Economy	Commodification, Liberalization, Informal Sector
Social Inequality	Class, Caste, Gender, Disability, Untouchability
Cultural Diversity	Regionalism, Communalism, Secularism, Minorities

Book 2: Social Change in India (भारत में सामाजिक परिवर्तन)

Topic	Key Concepts
Structural Change	Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization
Cultural Change	Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Secularization
Indian Democracy	Elections, Political Parties, Panchayati Raj
Rural Society	Land Reforms, Green Revolution, Rural Development
Industrial Society	Labour Laws, Trade Unions, Working Conditions
Globalization	Economic Liberalization, Cultural Globalization, Resistance
Mass Media	Print Media, Electronic Media, Social Media Impact
Social Movements	Peasant Movements, Women's Movements, Environmental Movements

Important Sociologists and Their Contributions

Sociologist	Contribution
M.N. Srinivas	Sanskritization, Westernization, Dominant Caste
G.S. Ghurye	Caste and Race in India
D.P. Mukerji	Indian Sociology, Tradition and Modernity
A.R. Desai	Social Background of Indian Nationalism
Irawati Karve	Kinship Organization in India
Louis Dumont	Homo Hierarchicus (Caste System Study)
André Béteille	Caste, Class and Power
Yogendra Singh	Modernization of Indian Tradition

Important Concepts and Definitions

Term	Definition
Sociology	Scientific study of society, social relationships and social institutions
Sanskritization	Process by which lower castes adopt customs of upper castes (M.N. Srinivas)
Westernization	Changes brought by Western contact in Indian society
Modernization	Transformation from traditional to modern society
Secularization	Decline of religious influence in social life
Globalization	Integration of world economies, cultures, and populations
Social Stratification	Division of society into hierarchical layers
Social Mobility	Movement of individuals between social positions
Dominant Caste	Numerically and economically powerful caste in a region
Communalism	Ideology promoting religious community interests

Important Social Movements in India

Movement	Key Features
Chipko Movement	Environmental movement, Tree protection, Sunderlal Bahuguna
Narmada Bachao Andolan	Anti-dam movement, Medha Patkar
Women's Movement	Gender equality, Anti-dowry, Domestic violence
Dalit Movement	Anti-caste discrimination, Ambedkar's legacy
Farmers' Movement	Land reforms, Agricultural prices, MSP
Anti-Caste Movement	Social reform, Temple entry, Education
Self-Respect Movement	E.V. Ramasamy Periyar, Tamil Nadu
Tribal Movements	Land rights, Forest rights, Identity

Comparison: I.A. Stream Subjects

Detail	Sociology	History	Political Science	Psychology
Subject Code	325	321	322	324
Stream	I.A.	I.A.	I.A.	I.A.
Full Marks	100	100	100	100
Total Questions	138	138	138	138
MCQs	100 (50 attempt)	100 (50 attempt)	100 (50 attempt)	100 (50 attempt)
Short Answer	30 (15 attempt)	30 (15 attempt)	30 (15 attempt)	30 (15 attempt)
Long Answer	8 (4 attempt)	8 (4 attempt)	8 (4 attempt)	8 (4 attempt)