Biology & Human Welfare Test - 4

The organisms that can grow at higher temperature are called hyperthermophilic organisms. These organisms belong to group Eubacteria and Archaea.

The container where fermentation is carried out is called a bioreactor. It has an aeration system, pH correctors and temperature adjustors. Bioreactors are often large.

The by-products of alcoholic fermentation are CO₂ and ethanol. Several other chemicals can be formed with the change of nutritive medium, pH and aeration like n-propanol, butanol, glycerol, acetic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, caproic acid, ethyl acetate etc.

Bioreactor is a fermentation tank in which fermentation is carried out regularly. This tank is fitted with instruments that control the optimal temperature and pressure required for fermentation.

Depending upon the type of the raw material used for fermentation and type of processing different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained. Wine and Beer are produced without distillation.

Monascus purpureus is Yeast used commercially in the production of blood cholesterol lowering statins. Blood cholesterol is responsible for a number of heart disease.

Cyclosporin A is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patient obtained from Trichoderma polysporum fungus.

Enzyme immobilization is the process whereby the movement of enzymes cells organelles etc. in space is completely or severely restricted usually resulting in a water soluble enzyme thus providing enzyme with protective covering.

Dough used for making food such as dosa and idli is fermented by bacterial. The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of carbon dioxide gas.

Methanogens is present in cow dung that produces methane gas. It is most common in cattle yard that provide unique smell in surrounding areas.